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Barbara,〔 also referred to as Bilad al-Barbar ("Land of the Berbers"), was an ancient region on the northern coast of Somalia. The area was inhabited by the Eastern ''Baribah'' or ''Barbaroi'' ("Berbers"), as the ancestors of the Somalis were referred to by medieval Arab and ancient Greek geographers, respectively.〔F.R.C. Bagley et al., ''The Last Great Muslim Empires'', (Brill: 1997), p.174〕〔James Hastings, ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 12: V. 12'', (Kessinger Publishing, LLC: 2003), p.490〕 Along with the neighboring ''Habash'' (Abyssinians) of Al-Habash, the Barbaroi are recorded in the 1st century Greek document the ''Periplus of the Erythraean Sea'' as engaging in extensive commercial exchanges with Egypt and Pre-Islamic Arabia. The travelogue mentions the Barbaroi trading frankincense, among various other commodities, through their port cities such as Avalites (modern Zeila). Competent seamen, the Periplus' author also indicates that they sailed throughout the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden for trade. The document describes the Barbaroi's system of governance as decentralized, and essentially consisting of a collection of autonomous city-states.〔Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, Culture and Customs of Somalia, (Greenwood Press, 2001), pp.13-14〕 It also suggests that "the Berbers who live in the place are very unruly",〔Wilfred Harvey Schoff, The Periplus of the Erythræan sea: travel and trade in the Indian Ocean, (Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912) p.25〕 an apparent reference to their independent streak.〔 ==See also== *Horn of Africa *History of Somalia *Somalia *Maritime history of Somalia 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barbara (region)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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